Tina Napangardi Martin, Jintiparnta Jukurrpa (Desert Truffle Dreaming) - Mina Mina, 30x30cm

• Aboriginal Artist - Tina Napangardi Martin
• Community - Nyirripi  
• Aboriginal Art Centre - Warlukurlangu Artists Aboriginal Corporation  
• Catalogue number - 4455/23
• Materials - Acrylic on pre-stretched canvas  
• Size(cm) - H30 W30 D3.5 
• Postage variants - Artwork posted stretched and ready to hang
• Orientation - Painted from all sides and OK to hang as wished

This ‘jintiparnta Jukurrpa’ (desert truffle [Elderia arenivaga] Dreaming) comes from Mina Mina. Mina Mina is an extremely important ceremonial site for Napangardi and Napanangka women that is located approximately 600kms west of Yuendumu, just east of Lake Mackay and the WA border. The area has a ‘marluri’ (salt lake or claypan) that is usually dry, without water. There are also a number of ‘mulju’ (soakages), sandhills, and a large stand of ‘kurrkara’ (desert oaks [Allocasuarina decaisneana]). The Mina Mina Jukurrpa is an important source of Warlpiri ritual knowledge and social organization, particularly relating to the different roles performed by men and women.

The ‘kirda’ (owners) of this Jukurrpa are Napangardi/Napanangka women and Japangardi/Japanangka men. There are a number of different Jukurrpa associated with Mina Mina; artists usually choose to depict one particular Jukurrpa in their paintings. In addition to ‘jintiparnta’ (desert truffle), these can include ‘karnta’ (women), ‘karlangu’ (digging sticks), ‘majardi’ (hairstring skirts/tassels), ‘ngalyipi’ (snakevine [Tinospora smilacina]), and ‘kurrkara’ (desert oak [Allocasuarina decaisneana]).

The Mina Mina Jukurrpa tells the story of a group of ancestral ‘karnta’ (women) who traveled from west to east. In the Dreamtime, these ancestral women danced at Mina Mina and ‘karlangu’ (digging sticks) rose up out of the ground. They collected these digging sticks and started travelling to the east. They carried their digging sticks over their shoulders and they were adorned with ‘majardi’ (hairstring belts), white feathers, and necklaces made from ‘yinirnti’ (bean tree [Erythrina vespertilio]) seeds. They continuously anointed themselves with ‘minyira’ (shiny fat) to increase their ritual powers as they went along. As the women travelled, they were followed by a ‘yinkardakurdaku’ (spotted nightjar [Eurostopodus argus]) from the Jakamarra subsection. The bird would call out and then hide in the bushes behind them as they travelled.

When the women danced at Mina Mina, they created a large dust cloud that swept up the ‘walyankarna’ (snake ancestors). The ‘walyankarna’ had previously transformed themselves from witchetty grubs into snakes at Kunajarrayi (Mount Nicker, 200km southwest of Yuendumu), and they had stopped at Mina Mina to watch the women dance. This dust cloud blew the ‘walyankarna’ further north to Yaturluyaturlu (near the Granites gold mine). In this way, the ‘karnta Jukurrpa’ (women’s Dreaming) and ‘ngarlkirdi Jukurrpa’ (witchetty grub Dreaming) intersect. This allowed the ancestral women to observe the witchetty grubs and learn how to best locate and cook them, which are skills that Warlpiri women still use today.

The women went east from Mina Mina, dancing, digging for bush tucker, and creating many places as they went. As they went east, they passed through Kimayi (a stand of ‘kurrkara’ (desert oak)). They passed through sandhill country where the ‘yarla’ (bush potato or ‘big yam’ [Ipomea costata]) ancestors from Yumurrpa and the ‘ngarlajiyi’ (pencil yam or ‘small yam’ [Vigna lanceolata]) ancestors from Yumurrpa were engaged in a huge battle over women. This battle is also a very important Warlpiri Jukurrpa narrative. The women went on to Janyinki and stopped at Wakakurrku (Mala Bore), where they stuck their digging sticks in the ground. These digging sticks turned into mulga trees, which still grow at Wakakurrku today. The women then went on to Lungkardajarra (Rich Bore), where they looked back towards their country in the west and started to feel homesick for what they’d left behind.

The women split up at Lungkardajarra. Some of them travelled eastwards to Yarungkanyi (Mount Doreen), and kept going east. They passed through Coniston in Anmatyerre country, and then went on to Alcoota and Aileron and beyond. The other group of women travelled travelled northwards from Lungkardajarra to Karntakurlangu. These women stopped at Karntakurlangu (an area that literally means ‘belonging to women’) to dig for ‘wardapi’ (sand monitor/goanna [Varanus gouldii]) and ‘jintiparnta’ (desert truffle). ‘Jintiparnta’ appears in the sandhills after the winter rains. The growing fungus forces the earth above it to crack, exposing it. Women dig it out of the ground and squeeze out the liquid inside to drink before cooking it in hot ashes.

After stopping to collect the ‘jintiparnta’ at Karntakurlangu, the women kept traveling further north. However, both groups of women eventually got so homesick for their desert oak country in the west that they went all the way back to Mina Mina, where they stayed for good.

The Mina Mina Jukurrpa (of which this ‘jintiparnta’ Jukurrpa is a part) contains important information about the different roles that men and women play in Warlpiri culture, particularly in the context of ritual performance. It alludes to an earlier time in which their ritual and social roles were reversed, in which women controlled the sacred objects and weapons that are now exclusively “owned” by men.

In contemporary Warlpiri paintings, traditional iconography can be used to represent the Jukurrpa, particular sites, and other elements. In paintings of the ‘jintiparnta’ Jukurrpa, circles and roundels represent the ‘jintiparnta’ (desert truffle) that the women collected as they travelled, and straight lines represent their ‘karlangu’ (digging sticks).

Tina Napangardi Martin Robertson was born in 1960 in Yuendumu, a remote Aboriginal community 290 km north-west of Alice Springs in the NT of Australia. Her parents and grandparents are deceased and she has only one sister who lives in Laramba community, near Napperby Station. Tina went to the local school in Yuendumu. She lived there for most of her life but now lives in Nyirripi after she married her second husband, Douglas Wilson. They have one son born in 1997. She also has five grown-up children from her first marriage. Tina has been painting with Warlukurlangu Artisits Aboriginal Corporation, an Aboriginal owned and governed art centre located in Yuendumu, since 1996. When Warlukurlangu Artists began exploring print making in 1997, Tina began screen printing and batik. However it wasn’t until 2007, when the children were grownup, that Tina found the time to paint on a regular basis. She paints her father’s Jukurrpa stories which include Yurrampi Jukurrpa (Honey Ant Dreaming) and Janyinki Jukurrpa (Yanyinki Dreaming). She also paints Ngalyipi Jukurrpa (Snake Vine Dreaming) and recently Pulundari Jukurrpa (Mushroom Dreaming). Tina enjoys painting, especially when her children and grandchildren are watching. She loves to explain to them the meaning of the different designs and patterns. She also enjoys going hunting on weekends for bush tomato and bush sultanas and when she can she visits her father’s country and her country.